17 research outputs found

    Testes de acurácia para o serviço e técnica GNSS/NTRIP

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    Experiments conducted at the School of Engineering of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, using GNSS/NTRIP technology are described and analyzed in terms of accuracy. The method consists in using the data of a reference station, the IBGE RBMC-IP stations, collected in a remote station, by means of the Internet and a mobile phone, to obtain more accurate real time coordinates than those of the navigation method. The experiments consist in surveying the known coordinate points and of the error analysis (accuracy). Firstly with short distances (in the USP Base for Equipment Calibration), and then over increasing distances up to about 30 km, in terms of the limits foreseen for the RTK method, and for other greater distances by using the DGPS method, up to 2,700 km. The following were tested and analyzed: the use of different reference stations, the variation in accuracy over distance, the use of a L1 receiver and a L1/L2 one, as well as the use of the RTK and DGPS techniques, in terms of accuracy reached, that is, the difference between these coordinates and others considered as standard, besides checking if the equipment reaches or not the accuracy stated in the manual.O presente trabalho descreve e analisa as experiências realizadas na Escola Politécnica utilizando a tecnologia GNSS/NTRIP, em termos de acurácia. O método consiste em utilizar os dados de uma estação de referência, no caso estações da RBMC-IP do IBGE, coletados na estação remota, através de internet e telefonia celular para obter em tempo real coordenadas com maior precisão que as do método de navegação. Os experimentos consistiram no levantamento de pontos de coordenadas conhecidas e análise dos erros obtidos. Primeiro em distâncias curtas na base USP de calibração de equipamentos e, a seguir, em distâncias crescentes até aproximadamente 30 km, em função dos limites previstos para o método RTK; e também para distâncias maiores utilizando o método DGPS, até 2.700 km. Foram testados e analisados: o uso de diferentes estações de referência; a variação da acurácia com a distância; o uso de um receptor L1 e outro L1/L2, bem como o uso das técnicas RTK e DGPS em termos de acurácia, isto é, a diferença entre essas coordenadas e aquelas consideradas como padrão, verificando se os equipamentos atingem os valores previstos nas especificações técnicas

    GNSS/NTRIP SERVICE AND TECHNIQUE: ACCURACY TESTS

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    Experiments conducted at the School of Engineering of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, using GNSS/NTRIP technology are described and analyzed in terms of accuracy. The method consists in using the data of a reference station, the IBGE RBMC-IP stations, collected in a remote station, by means of the Internet and a mobile phone, to obtain more accurate real time coordinates than those of the navigation method. The experiments consist in surveying the known coordinate points and of the error analysis (accuracy). Firstly with short distances (in the USP Base for Equipment Calibration), and then over increasing distances up to about 30 km, in terms of the limits foreseen for the RTK method, and for other greater distances by using the DGPS method, up to 2,700 km. The following were tested and analyzed: the use of different reference stations, the variation in accuracy over distance, the use of a L1 receiver and a L1/L2 one, as well as the use of the RTK and DGPS techniques, in terms of accuracy reached, that is, the difference between these coordinates and others considered as standard, besides checking if the equipment reaches or not the accuracy stated in the manual

    A COMPUTATIONAL TOOL TO EVALUATE THE SAMPLE SIZE IN MAP POSITIONAL ACCURACY

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    In many countries, the positional accuracy control by points in Cartography or Spatial data corresponds to the comparison between sets of coordinates of well-defined points in relation to the same set of points from a more accurate source. Usually, each country determines a maximum number of points which could present error values above a pre-established threshold. In many cases, the standards define the sample size as 20 points, with no more consideration, and fix this threshold in 10% of the sample. However, the sampling dimension (n), considering the statistical risk, especially when the percentages of outliers are around 10%, can lead to a producer risk (to reject a good map) and a user risk (to accept a bad map). This article analyzes this issue and allows defining the sampling dimension considering the risk of the producer and of the user. As a tool, a program developed by us allows defining the sample size according to the risk that the producer / user can or wants to assume. This analysis uses 600 control points, each of them with a known error. We performed the simulations with a sample size of 20 points (n) and calculate the associated risk. Then we changed the value of (n), using smaller and larger sizes, calculating for each situation the associated risk both for the user and for the producer. The computer program developed draws the operational curves or risk curves, which considers three parameters: the number of control points; the number of iterations to create the curves; and the percentage of control points above the threshold, that can be the Brazilian standard or other parameters from different countries. Several graphs and tables are presented which were created with different parameters, leading to a better decision both for the user and for the producer, as well as to open possibilities for other simulations and researches in the future

    ALTIMETRY ASSESSMENT OF ASTER GDEM v2 AND SRTM v3 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS: A CASE STUDY IN URBAN AREA OF BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL

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    This work is an altimetry evaluation study involving Digital Elevation Models ASTER GDEM version 2 and SRTM version 3. Both models are readily available free of charge, however as they are built from different remote sensing methods it is also expected that they present different data qualities. LIDAR data with 25 cm vertical accuracy were used as reference for assessment validation. The evaluation study, carried out in urbanized area, investigated the distribution of the residuals and the relationship between the observed errors with land slopeclasses. Remote sensing principles, quantitative statistical methods and the Cartographic Accuracy Standard of Digital Mapping Products (PEC-PCD) were considered. The results indicated strong positive linear correlation and the existence of a functional relationship between the evaluated models and the reference model. Residuals between -4.36 m and 3.11 m grouped 47.7% of samples corresponding to ASTER GDEM and 63.7% of samples corresponding to SRTM. In both evaluated models, Root Mean Square Error values increased with increasing of land slope. Considering 1: 50,000 mapping scale the PEC-PCD classification indicated class B standard for SRTM and class C for ASTER GDEM. In all analyzes, SRTM presented smaller altimetry errors compared to ASTER GDEM, except in areas with steep relief

    The use of remote sensing techniques by Modis (MCD45A1) images using to identify and evaluate burned areas in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

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    The study of fire burned areas is very important, since they corroborate with control measures, prevention and monitoring of fires. Forest fires causes numerous impacts, among them, there is biodiversity lost and human health prejudice. So, it is a problem of environmental sphere as well as a social and political sphere. A way of monitoring this is using remote sensing techniques. So the propose of the present article is to use the Modis product (MCD45A1) to identify and evaluated the burned areas in metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, among the years of 2012 to 2016, which is validated with Landsat-8/OLI sensor data. With the use of Landsat data it is possible to define the size of the burned area with greater precision, but requiring technical operational knowledge and specialized technical staff for both, on the other side, Modis is easier to operate, and have direct application and higher availability. It was observed that the study area has high burned area occurrences, mainly in spring and winter. The results found here could be used for future studies to decrease the forest fires incidence in the region and thus preserve the biodiversity of important biomes present in it.Estudos sobre a ocorrência de queimadas são muito importantes, visto que eles corroboram medidas de controle, prevenção e monitoramento destas. Incêndios florestais causam vários impactos, entre eles perda da biodiversidade e prejuízo à saúde humana, sendo um problema tanto na esfera ambiental quanto social e política. Uma forma de monitoramento desses incêndios é a utilização de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Assim, a proposta do presente trabalho foi a utilização de imagens Modis (MCD45A1) para identificação e avaliação de áreas queimadas na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, entre os anos de 2012 e 2016, validando-o com dados do sensor Landsat-8/OLI. Com o emprego dos dados Landsat, é possível delimitar com melhor precisão a dimensão da área queimada, mas exigindo-se conhecimento técnico operacional e corpo técnico especializado para tanto. Já o produto decorrente do Modis, é mais acessível e de fácil utilização, sendo de aplicação direta, pois já informa os focos de incêndio. Observou-se grande ocorrência de queimadas na região de estudo, principalmente na primavera e no inverno. Os resultados encontrados aqui poderão ser utilizados em estudos futuros para diminuir a incidência de queimadas na região e assim preservar a biodiversidade de biomas importantes nela presente

    Case study of a model of local solar radiation potential and discussion on the associated sustainable applications and potentials

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    The demand for a sustainable transition to energy matrices of lower environmental impact is global and current. In this sense, the modelling of solar radiation in high spatial resolution is used to assess the potential of photovoltaic generation on any type of surface and provide information for the planning and dimensioning of photovoltaic systems. From the technical potential of generation, it is possible to estimate the systems payback time and the avoided greenhouse gas emissions when adopting photovoltaic energy. In the quantitative context, the objective of this article was to briefly address the technical methodology and build a model of solar radiation of EE-IGC-UFMG buildings. In the context of sustainable applications of the tool, the objective was to address relevant topics, such as the construction of radiation models and the associated potentials, the application scales, and the difficulties and limitations of the modelling.A transição sustentável para matrizes energéticas mais sustentáveis é uma demanda mundial e atual.  Nesse sentido, a modelagem da radiação solar em alta resolução espacial é utilizada para avaliar o potencial de geração fotovoltaica em qualquer tipo de superfície e fornecer informações para planejamento e dimensionamento de sistemas fotovoltaicos. A partir do potencial técnico de geração, pode-se estimar o tempo de retorno do investimento do sistema fotovoltaico e a quantidade de gás carbono que deixou de ser emitido ao adotar a energia fotovoltaica. No contexto quantitativo, o objetivo deste artigo foi abordar brevemente a metodologia técnica e construir um modelo de radiação solar incidente em prédios da EE-IGC-UFMG. No contexto da discussão das aplicações sustentáveis da ferramenta, o objetivo foi tratar de temas relevantes, tais como a construção de modelos de radiação e os potenciais associados, as escalas de aplicação e dificuldades e limitações da modelagem

    Purpose from the cartographic bases quality control with emphasis in the positional component.

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    O presente trabalho visa a criação de novas propostas e soluções para o controle de qualidade de bases cartográficas, com ênfase na componente posicional. É feita uma revisão bibliográfica de normas cartográficas de mais de 60 países, resultando em sugestões para a norma brasileira. São discutidos elementos como: quantidade de pontos de controle, técnicas de coleta de pontos de controle para diversas escalas, com ênfase nas maiores (tipicamente 1:1.000 e 1:2.000), controle de qualidade posicional com GPS (associado a um mapa de ondulações geoidais para altimetria) e com documento cartográfico mais acurado. Na parte prática foram realizados os seguintes experimentos: a) O teste de um mapa na escala 1:10.000, sendo controlado por um mapeamento na escala 1:2.000, b) a partir de dados reais foram feitas simulações variando a qualidade do mapa e o número de pontos amostrais com resultados interessantes c) controle de qualidade de um mapeamento sistemático em meio digital (Cidade Universitária, na escala 1:1.000) para o qual é proposta uma metodologia mais abrangente e inovadora.The purpose from this job is to create new alternatives and solutions for the mapping quality control with emphasis on the positional component. A bibliographic revision of cartography standards from over 60 countries have been done, what has resulted in suggestions for the Brazilian ones. The following themes have been tackled: number of control points for several scales with emphasis on the biggest control (usually 1:1.000 and 1:2.000), positional quality control with GPS (in association with a geoidal map for altimetry) and with better accuracy maps. In the practical part, one can observe the following experiments: a) 1:10.000 scale map experiment controlled by a 1:2.000 map scale, b) simulations from real data varying accord the map quality and the number of points samples with interesting results, c) systematic mapping control quality of the digital environment (Cidade Universitária, 1:10.000 scale) whose purpose in the adoption of comprehensive and advanced methodology

    Comparative studying of map digitizing methods and the geometric quality control.

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    O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os métodos de digitalização de bases cartográficas na escala de 1:50.000, bem como analisar formas de realizar o controle de qualidade do produto final. No processo de digitalização foram empregadas as seguintes metodologias: digitalização em mesa, em tela (heads-up), semi-automática e automática. O emprego de tais metodologias de digitalização prevê a possível utilização da base cartográfica digital em um sistema de informação geográfica, necessitando assim de alguns cuidados adicionais. Em todo esse processo, deverão ser levados em conta variáveis como: tipo e qualidade do mapa original, equipamentos, programas, recursos especiais oferecidos e uma avaliação dos tempos de digitalização e edição. Também foi dada atenção ao controle de qualidade geométrica, propondo-se um roteiro para avaliar o padrão de exatidão cartográfico (PEC), seguindo as normas vigentes no país e utilizando nesse processo pontos de controle com coordenadas obtidas das folhas 1:10.000 do IGC e de levantamentos GPS.The purpose of this work is to study digitizing methods for cartographic bases in 1:50.000 scale, as well as to analyse ways to carry out the quality control for the final products. During the digitizing process, have been the following methods employed: tablet digitizing, screen (heads-up), semi automatic and automatic raster/vector conversion. These methodologies foresees the introduction of this cartographic base in a geographic information system, which asks for some further care. All this process shall be considered variables such as: kind of map, original quality of map, equipment, programs, special resources and an evaluation of time spent in digitzing and edition. Attention has also been given to the geometric quality control by observing cartographic accuracy standard (CAS) result, based on the standards used in Brazil and, for this, taking into account control points with coordinates obtained from 1:10.000 IGC maps and GPS surveying

    Comparative studying of map digitizing methods and the geometric quality control.

    No full text
    O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os métodos de digitalização de bases cartográficas na escala de 1:50.000, bem como analisar formas de realizar o controle de qualidade do produto final. No processo de digitalização foram empregadas as seguintes metodologias: digitalização em mesa, em tela (heads-up), semi-automática e automática. O emprego de tais metodologias de digitalização prevê a possível utilização da base cartográfica digital em um sistema de informação geográfica, necessitando assim de alguns cuidados adicionais. Em todo esse processo, deverão ser levados em conta variáveis como: tipo e qualidade do mapa original, equipamentos, programas, recursos especiais oferecidos e uma avaliação dos tempos de digitalização e edição. Também foi dada atenção ao controle de qualidade geométrica, propondo-se um roteiro para avaliar o padrão de exatidão cartográfico (PEC), seguindo as normas vigentes no país e utilizando nesse processo pontos de controle com coordenadas obtidas das folhas 1:10.000 do IGC e de levantamentos GPS.The purpose of this work is to study digitizing methods for cartographic bases in 1:50.000 scale, as well as to analyse ways to carry out the quality control for the final products. During the digitizing process, have been the following methods employed: tablet digitizing, screen (heads-up), semi automatic and automatic raster/vector conversion. These methodologies foresees the introduction of this cartographic base in a geographic information system, which asks for some further care. All this process shall be considered variables such as: kind of map, original quality of map, equipment, programs, special resources and an evaluation of time spent in digitzing and edition. Attention has also been given to the geometric quality control by observing cartographic accuracy standard (CAS) result, based on the standards used in Brazil and, for this, taking into account control points with coordinates obtained from 1:10.000 IGC maps and GPS surveying
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